Which of the following is a common adverse effect of antiretroviral medications?

Bone demineralization is a well-documented adverse effect associated with certain antiretroviral medications, particularly those from the class of medications known as protease inhibitors and other long-term treatments for HIV. This side effect is significant as it can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures among individuals taking these medications over an extended period.

The mechanisms behind bone demineralization in the context of antiretroviral therapy may involve changes to bone metabolism and mineral density, ultimately affecting the structural integrity of bones. Given that patients on antiretroviral therapy often require long-term treatment, monitoring bone health becomes a crucial component of overall patient management.

Other options, while they may present as risks in certain medical contexts, are not as commonly associated with antiretroviral medications. Vision changes, high blood pressure, and increased energy levels can occur due to a variety of factors but do not stand out as prevalent adverse effects linked specifically to the use of antiretrovirals. Understanding the specific side effects tied to these medications helps ensure better patient care and targeted interventions when needed.