What is the most critical intervention for a pregnant client who just tested positive for HIV?

Starting prophylactic antiretroviral treatment is critical for a pregnant client who has just tested positive for HIV because it significantly reduces the risk of mother-to-child transmission of the virus during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding. Timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy not only helps to maintain the health of the mother but also protects the unborn child from infection.

This intervention is based on well-established guidelines and research indicating that effective viral suppression in HIV-positive pregnant women decreases the chances of transmitting the virus to the baby, leading to better outcomes for both mother and child. Prophylactic treatment can lead to a low viral load, contributing to safer pregnancies and deliveries. In contrast, scheduling follow-up appointments, consulting a nutritionist, or discussing delivery options, while important aspects of comprehensive care for an HIV-positive pregnant client, do not directly address the immediate risk of HIV transmission. Therefore, the priority remains the initiation of antiretroviral therapy.