What is Amphotericin B primarily used to treat?

Amphotericin B is primarily used to treat severe systemic fungal infections due to its broad-spectrum antifungal activity. It works by binding to ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes, leading to cell membrane disruption and ultimately causing cell death. This makes it particularly effective against a variety of serious and life-threatening fungal infections, such as cryptococcal meningitis, candidemia, and invasive aspergillosis, often in immunocompromised patients who are at higher risk for these types of infections.

The other conditions listed, such as oral candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and tinea infections, are typically treated with other antifungal agents that are more effective for localized infections. Oral candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis can often be addressed with azoles like fluconazole or topical treatments. Tinea infections, which are dermatophyte infections, are typically treated with topical antifungals or oral agents that are specific for dermatophytes. Due to its potential for significant side effects and the need for careful monitoring, Amphotericin B is reserved for more severe cases rather than more common, less severe fungal infections.