What adverse effect is a client taking oral acyclovir encouraged to avoid by remaining hydrated?

Oral acyclovir, an antiviral medication used primarily to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses, can lead to nephrotoxicity if proper hydration is not maintained. Acyclovir is eliminated through the kidneys, and when the body is dehydrated, the drug can crystallize in renal tubules, potentially causing acute kidney injury or other renal impairments.

Staying well-hydrated helps to dilute the concentration of acyclovir in the urine, reducing the risk of precipitation and subsequent damage to the renal tissues. This is particularly important for patients who may already have impaired kidney function or are at higher risk for renal complications. Therefore, encouraging adequate fluid intake is a critical nursing intervention for patients on oral acyclovir to prevent nephrotoxicity.

Other adverse effects listed, such as hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, and gastrointestinal distress, do not have the same direct correlation with hydration and acyclovir therapy, making nephrotoxicity the primary concern addressed by recommendations to maintain fluid intake.